Logical reasoning PrepTest 134 · Section 1 · Question 24

Incorrect. The principle addresses ingredients that would be disgusting to most consumers "of that product," so consumers in general are out of scope.

Incorrect. First, since the conclusion is that not labeling Crackly Crisps with a note on the inclusion of the GMO, then the argument is, if anything, assuming they are safe for human consumption, not failing to address it. Second, safety is out of scope of this argument about whether people are upset at certain ingredients.

Incorrect. There's no value judgment in the application that's outside of the considerations in the principle.

Incorrect. The argument doesn't rely on people being okay with some of the ingredients and thus all of the ingredients, but rather just that they're okay with GMOs and so they don't need to be labeled.

Correct. Argument or Facts:
Argument

Valid or Flawed:
Flawed

Question Type:
Errors in Reasoning (Principle)

Stimulus Summary:
P: Food contains upsetting ingredients to most → Should be labeled as containing them

A: Most consumers wouldn't care Crackly Crisps has GMOs, so it doesn't need a label.

Answer Anticipation:
The Principle establishes a sufficient condition for labeling a food with a warning. The Application concludes that something doesn't need a label. That negated conclusion is based on the sufficient condition being missing, so this argument features an illegal negation.

Answer Explanation:
This answer describes an illegal negation. The argument confuses a claim that if consumers would be upset at ingredients then the food should be labeled with a claim that the food shouldn't be labeled if consumers wouldn't be upset. Rephrasing it makes it a lot easier to read this answer as the illegal negation from the stimulus!

Key Takeaway:
Since Principles are often phrased as conditional statements, there's always the chance that the flaw in an argument with a Principle is an illegal reversal or negation.

Also, don't be afraid to rephrase the answers to move from the abstract language provided to the content-based language of the stimulus. It usually makes the answer easier to analyze, and if you can't match all the parts up, you can immediately eliminate it!