Logical reasoning PrepTest 124 · Section 3 · Question 2

Incorrect. The argument doesn't go after the environmentalists, instead bringing up information about the state of the environment, so there's no attacking the person flaw here.

Incorrect. The argument states that "more" regulations aren't the solution, so it doesn't assume that the current ones need to be removed to fix the environment.

Correct. Argument or Facts:
Argument

Valid or Flawed:
Flawed

Question Type:
Errors in Reasoning

Stimulus Summary:
Environmentalists have successfully lobbied for regulations, but the environment keeps getting worse, so clearly the regulation isn't working.

Answer Anticipation:
This argument falls into a common pattern—the anti-causal argument. This answer establishes a problem that's been addressed with a solution, but the solution is correlated with the problem getting worse, and so the conclusion is that the solution doesn't work.

However, these arguments neglect to consider how bad the problem would be without the (partial) solutions in place! It's possible that the environment was on a very negative trajectory, and while still worsening, the decline has slowed because of the regulations.

Answer Explanation:
This answer highlights the common flaw in anti-causal conclusions—that the solution actually did work, but only to slow the worsening or reduce the scale of the problem instead of eliminating it. The regulations may have prevented the environment from sliding into an even worse condition.

Key Takeaway:
Whenever you see an argument that concludes a given solution to a problem isn't working based on it being implemented at a time when the problem is getting worse, the argument is flawed in that it isn't considering how bad the problem could have gotten without that solution.

Incorrect. The conclusion treats solving the environment's problems as important and it doesn't compare or assume a comparison to regulatory reform's importance. Especially since it argues against more regulations, not for reducing excessive regulation.

Incorrect. In taking a position against the environmentalists, the author here is representing at least some of their opponents. Additionally, when analyzing a group's argument, one doesn't need to take the view of opponents into account.