Why is C correct and B wrong?

B is too strong of an answer choice when it tells us "may depend". There is no text to support this claim. Answer choice C tell us "might be eventually applied to the production of computer chips". The passage does not tell us that the research of peptides binding to semiconductor material will be successful, but that Belcher and Hu's research could help.

B is tempting but wrong because their research is not focused on using peptides to bind different crystals together...it was to see whether peptides can bind to semiconductor materials

B is wrong for two reasons. First, the passage is about an innovative new line of research, not the problem that it is intended to solve. Regardless of whether B is true, it is a secondary point at best. Second, B is too narrow. The future of computing depends on making smaller semiconductors, but not necessarily through the means described in the passage.