Reading comp PrepTest 147 · Section 3 · Question 13

Passage

Questions 7-13  .       The government of Mali passed a law against  . excavating and exporting the wonderful terra-cotta  . sculptures Remaining source text redacted.
Passage walkthrough
Passage SummaryTopic: Legal Studies

Paragraph 1
  • Paragraph note
    • A situation is described which implies a problem
  • Views, minor Meta-Structures, and the author's attitude
    • Mali/Djenne-jeno sculptures - Mali couldn't enforce law against excavation/export of sculptures, so people did so illegally
    • Author - These collectors "rightly" admired them
    • Problem - A lot of important info is now lost
Paragraph 2
  • Paragraph note
    • A relevant doctrine is described
  • Views, minor Meta-Structures, and the author's attitude
    • UNESCO Doctrine - Cultural artifacts belong to the culture
    • Some countries have gone further - These artifacts are state property
Paragraph 3
  • Paragraph note
    • The doctrine is applied to the situation, and a paradox is noted
  • Views, minor Meta-Structures, and the author's attitude
    • Mali's government should have been in control
    • Irony/paradox - These regulations can result in people keeping things secret to get around them, making problem worse
Paragraph 4
  • Paragraph note
    • A thought experiment is done to "rank" different outcomes and suggest one
  • Views, minor Meta-Structures, and the author's attitude
    • Suppose - UNESCO helped Mali to educate, register artifacts, and tax their export
    • Worst - What did happen (illicit excavation export)
    • Better - Supposed situation, where people are excavating and exporting things under some regulations
    • Best* - Professional archaeologists did the excavation
Main Point:
Simply passing laws or doctrines to protect cultural artifacts can ironically result in people illegally excavating/exporting them while hiding important information about them, so there need to be other possible solutions that allow for "better" outcomes, even if they're not the "best" outcomes.

Key Lines:
Lines 6-12 - The problem is outlined
Lines 18-20 - A doctrine to address the problem is described
Lines 22-25 - Laws building from the doctrine are discussed
Lines 30-34 - A paradox ("painful irony") about implementing the doctrine or laws is highlighted
Lines 51-56 - The Author implies a non-ideal but practical solution addressing the paradox

Meta-Structure:
Problem/Solution - Here, the Author notes a problem—cultural knowledge is lost when cultural artifacts are illicitly looted and exported from their country of origin. One solution—doctrines/laws making this illegal—can ironically result in the information being hidden and thus still lost. And while she does note an ideal solution—professional archaeologists doing the excavations—she recognizes that this isn't practical/realistic.

Rather, she imagines a solution whereby the government steps in to record, register, and tax these cultural items as they're excavated and exported by individuals. While not as good as the archaeologists, she notes it's better than them being looted and that knowledge lost forever.

Last Thoughts:
This is a tricky passage! The last paragraph, in particular, highlights a middle-of-the-road approach phrased in a convoluted manner. Making sure that you understood the comparison between the potential solutions will probably be key to answering questions.

Also, note that ironies and paradoxes can, more or less, be treated as the same thing on the LSAT. So when an RC passage notes an irony, think of it as a paradox—and we know paradoxes are important!

Question prompt

Which one of the Remaining source text redacted.
Why the credited answer is right

Credited answer: B

The notes below walk through why it fits the stem and how to eliminate the rest.

Question Type

Legal

Answer choices

  1. A
    appreciation of their efforts Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice A is not credited
    Incorrect. (Lines 10-12) The Author suggests that moving these artifacts away from the sites doesn't preserve something important about them, so this answer is incorrect.
  2. B
    approval of their aesthetic Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice B matches the stem
    Correct. Question Type:
    Author's Attitude

    Strategy Overview:
    Find any statements reflecting the Author's attitude towards this group, and identify whether it's positive, negative, or neutral; then, find an answer that lines up with the tone and the details

    Answer Anticipation/Relevant Lines:
    First, let's think about the Author's overall attitude. She believes that, while not the best solution, creating a regulatory environment where people can excavate, register, and export (while paying taxes) these items is a practical solution that would work (Lines 41-56). She identifies as a problem the looting of these items (Lines 9-12), so she has a negative opinion of those that engaged in that practice.

    As to the specifics, there is one statement that clearly shows opinion towards the foreign collectors—they "rightly admired" these cultural artifacts. So she does have a positive opinion of their taste in cultural artifacts.

    So, overall, she has an opinion that stretches from the positive to the negative. We can't rule out answers that express an opinion in any particular direction, which means we'll be fully considering each answer. That means it's past time to head to the choices!

    Answer Explanation:
    (Line 8) The Author says that the collectors are right to admire the terra-cotta sculptures, so she approves of their aesthetic judgment.

    Key Takeaway:
    First, always note adverbs! If it ends in -ly, it's almost certainly conveying some type of authorial opinion. And, as such, it's almost certain to factor into the answer choices, even if it just adds to the Author's overall opinion.

    Second, this is the second question where we needed to hedge the nature of the Author's opinion (positive, negative, neutral) when considering a Must Be True question asking what the Author would agree with. That reflects the overall tone of the passage, where the Author was willing to compromise from what would be best in order to come up with a practical solution to a problem. We could have anticipated such questions after reading this passage, and in the future when you come across such a passage, you should do that so that you're more open to answers that might be correct.
  3. C
    dismay at their failure Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice C is not credited
    Incorrect. It's unclear what the collector's could have done to "take action" against the exportation of these artifacts. Not buying them is not taking action, so the passage doesn't delve into what they could have done.
  4. D
    frustration with their lack Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice D is not credited
    Incorrect. (Lines 18-22) The Author says that the UNESCO doctrine considers the cultural artifacts part of the patrimony of the individuals in a country, but she never connects this detail to frustration directed at the collectors.
  5. E
    sympathy with their motives
    Why choice E is not credited
    Incorrect. (Line 8) This answer can be tempting—after all, if she believes they "rightly" admired the artifacts, why can't we say that she sympathized with the motive of collecting them? Because we don't know that this admiration was the motive behind their purchase—they could have been doing so for investment purposes! Without a specific statement of motive, we can't infer it.

What this tests

Question analytics

Based on historical answer selection rates for this question.

Answer choice distribution

  1. A 6%
  2. B Credited 51%
  3. C 17%
  4. D 14%
  5. E 12%

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Discussion

  • Answer choice E 1 reply

    Started by shafieiava

  • AnswerB? 1 reply

    Started by ChristianJM