Logical reasoning PrepTest 115 · Section 4 · Question 1

Incorrect. This answer brings up a way in which stimulation isn't related to development, so, if anything, it strengthens the argument.

Incorrect. This answer aligns with the argument's contention that less stimulation will result in more sleep, so it doesn't undercut the argument.

Incorrect. The conclusion's recommendation is limited to what should be done with babies, so this answer about 3+yo is out of scope.

Incorrect. This answer establishes that receiving less stimulation won't negatively affect a baby's weight development, thus aligning with the argument.

Correct. Argument or Facts:
Argument

Valid or Flawed:
Flawed

Question Type:
Weaken

Stimulus Summary:
Study - More stimulation results in less sleep for infants
Sleep is important for infant development
Recommendation - Parents should reduce the stimulation they give their babies

Answer Anticipation:
This argument has a conclusion that falls into a common category—a recommendation. When a recommendation is made in a conclusion, the premises need to establish the criteria by which such a recommendation can be made, and information establishing that the recommended course of action will meet that criteria.

Here, the criteria is established—aiding a child's development. And it is established that sleep is an important factor in such development. However, the conclusion doesn't state simply that parents should ensure their children get more sleep. It says they should do so by reducing the amount of stimulation they receive.

Since the recommendation here is to replace one thing with another, it needs to be established that, on balance, that will result in maximizing their development. The argument, however, fails to establish that reducing stimulation won't itself hurt development. Since there's no guarantee that shifting from one activity to another won't overall result in a worse outcome, this argument is flawed.

As such, any answer that suggests stimulation aids in an infant's development will weaken this argument.

Answer Explanation:
This answer establishes stimulation as a factor in a baby's development, so reducing it to increase sleep may end up hurting overall development. By suggesting that the recommended course of action might work against the goal, this answer weakens the argument.

Key Takeaway:
When an argument recommends a course of action, be sure that it establishes a goal/criteria for deciding on an action, and then fully establishes that the recommendation meets that criteria.