Logical reasoning PrepTest 114 · Section 2 · Question 11

Incorrect. Emotions → Intelligence. This answer is the negation of the relationship in the stimulus, where a lack of emotions is used as a premise to justify a conclusion about a lack of intelligence.

Incorrect. The stimulus notes that computers will "never" have emotions so their level of advancement is immaterial. They could advance greatly or not at all—in either case they'd still lack emotions.

Incorrect. "Identify[ing]" emotions is out of scope. You can identify something that you don't have and you can have something you can't identify.

Incorrect. The argument doesn't require a linear, positive relationship ("The greater . . . the more . . . ") between emotions and intelligence—just a connection between the two.

Correct. Argument or Facts:
Argument

Valid or Flawed:
Flawed

Question Type:
Strengthen with Necessary Premise

Stimulus Summary:
not Human emotions → not Human intelligence
Computer: not Emotions
Conclusion — Computer: not Intelligence

Answer Anticipation:
This answer establishes a requirement for human intelligence—human emotions. It then seems to apply it to the case of computers, thus resulting in a valid conclusion.

But this is a Strengthen with Necessary Premise question, so it must be flawed. What gives?

Well, in this question type, when the argument attempts to apply a conditional to a specific situation, there's a good chance that it's going to fail to "trigger" the sufficient condition. When it does succeed in doing that there's usually a shift between the necessary condition and the conclusion.

Here both happen because of a subtle shift. That conditional is about human intelligence and human emotions but the discussion about the computer is more general—about emotions and intelligence. Maybe there exists emotions and intelligence outside of human emotions/intelligence.

As such this argument requires that the relationship that holds between human emotions and intelligence also holds for all types of emotions and intelligence or that there's a more general relationship between emotions and intelligence. Either:
What is true about the connection between human emotions and intelligence is true for all emotions and intelligence
or
not Emotions → not Intelligence

Answer Explanation:
Intelligence → Emotions. Or: not Emotions → not Intelligence. This answer matches our anticipation of the gap in the argument. If computers can have intelligence without having emotions (the negation of this answer) then the argument falls apart making this a necessary premise.

Key Takeaway:
When a Strengthen with Necessary Premise question attempts to apply a conditional to a specific case check to see if there are any shifts between the situation's details or conclusion and the conditions of the conditional premise. Frequently the argument will fail to establish the presence of the sufficient condition or it will feature a shift in the conclusion that makes it different from the necessary condition.