Conscious animals

I know that when dealing with comparative passages I am to look for: 1) general vs specific 2) agree vs disagree 3) similarities vs differences 4) keep track of voices and opinions But when it comes to passages with words that I am unfamiliar with or topics that are science related, for some reason my brain shuts down and I cannot derive the simple things! In this specific passage, words like stimulus, inadvertent, and priori threw me off. I was able to get what passage B said from line 53-65 and only answered 16,18,19 right based on that info. Everything else was a blur. Can someone kindly walk me through this passage and state how they would approach this type of passage?? Thank u!!