E is still confusing to me

To clarify further on A: the author sets up this long causal chain where literacy is necessary for democracy, but then concludes that literacy is therefore sufficient- a perfect match for A. Let's try to break down what E actually means. I would take it to mean that the author assumes that the circumstances when an outcome occurs were the same as those when the things that led to that outcome occur. Since I don't remember seeing anything like that in the argument, I think we can dismiss it. Remember for flaw questions the right answer is something that the author did, that is wrong. If it doesn't seem like the author actually did it as in E, you can dismiss it.

Thank you so much, Emil-Kunkin! That helps a lot!