Q21

Are you saying because there was no legal obligation not to tell by her telling anyway she was morally wrong? Answer E goes more logically with what would be the moral thing to do legally.

@noname, Happy to help. Let's look at (A) and (E), but before doing so, let's make sure our diagramming is sound. The first sentence can be diagrammed as MRRS - >LO and Not HO not LO or HO - >not MRRS (contrapositive) The second sentence can be diagrammed as PNR and RLHO - >MWRS not MWRS - >not PNR or not RLHO (contrapositive) We're looking to use these principles to justify the reasoning in one of the answer choices. In order to find the correct answer, we want to look for a choice that concludes one of the statements that we have on the necessary side of one of the principles, offering the corresponding sufficient condition as its support. (E) says, "After writing a story about a possible political scandal, a journalist invoked her legal rights and refused to reveal the names of her sources who had spoken on condition of anonymity. The journalist's refusal to divulge her secret was morally right." Using the two principles from the stimulus, we're only able to make conclusions about what is morally wrong or what is not morally right. (E)'s conclusion, which is one about what is morally right, is something that we're not able to conclude based on our principles, so we can get rid of (E). (A) says, "Kathryn revealed a secret entrusted to her by her brother. Kathryn did not promise not to reveal the secret and her revealing it was likely to benefit all parties concerned. However, because she was under no legal obligation to reveal the secret, her action was not morally right." In order to conclude that something wasn't morally right, we must know that someone revealed a secret even when they weren't obligated to do so or that revealing the secret would harm him or herself (this is from the contrapositive of the first principle, which states not LO or HO - >not MRRS). Since we know that Kathryn wasn't under legal obligation, we can state that it wasn't morally right for her to reveal the secret. Thus, (A) is the correct answer choice. Does this make sense? Let us know if you have any more questions!

But the 2nd part of the stimulus says there is another situation in which it is morally wrong if someone had promised to keep the secret and revealed it despite knowing it would cause harm to others. Answer A says that Kathryn did NOT promise to keep the secret and the revelation was likely to BENEFIT others. Therefore, how can you conclude that it is morally wrong based on the principle?

Hi Sabrina, The important distinction here to note is one between an action's being "not morally right" and "morally wrong," which are used interchangeably in real life but have two different meanings in this case. Thus, we are not concluding that the action is morally wrong. We are simply concluding that it is not morally right for the reasons that Ravi mentioned. Hopefully this helps!