Justification for eliminating answer choice D

Here we would eliminate option D because note that the question is asking us which would the ECONOMISTS agree with, not which would the author agree with. The economists' position is only in paragraphs 1 and 2, whereas the likelihood of a corporation recommitting a crime being taken into account in the penalty is something that the author themselves mentions in paragraph 3. The economists never mention taking into account the likelihood of recommission

Yes, agreed. Thank you.