Can we assume that the answer choices listed in these types of questions are mentioned in passage A?

In typical inference questions, we have to "fact-check" the information. In this question, I was debating between B and E, but ultimately chose E because I thought the language was too strong in B and the author of passage A never actually said "Positive evidence plays NO ROLE in supporting a theory." That made me think... are all of the answer options in this kind of question factually correct and we just have to see which the second author would be most skeptical of, or do we have to fact-check as well? If we do still need to fact-check, can you put me in the direction of the evidence in passage A that "Positive evidence plays no role in supporting a theory?" Thank you so much!