C vs. E

@sal8907, Happy to help. Let's take a look at (E) and (C). (C) says, "fails to adequately address the possibility that, even if one phenomenon causally contributes to a second phenomenon, the second phenomenon may causally influence the first as well" (C) does outline a causal fallacy, but it doesn't outline the correct causal fallacy. The problem in the stimulus isn't that reducing emotional stress might also cause one to cry, so this is out. (E) says, "takes for granted that because certain substances are present whenever a condition occurs, those substances are a cause of that condition" The substances mentioned in (E) are the hormones, and just because the hormones are present when someone is stressed out does not mean that they are the cause of the stress. (E) picks up on where the argument is most vulnerable, so it's the correct answer choice. Does that make sense? Let us know if you have any other questions!

Could you please explain why each of the answers is correct/incorrect? I'm not sure I've understood most of these answers! Thanks so much!

Would you diagram this question?

Why not A?

^^ why not A?