Why is A wrong?

I have the same question!

Oh, maybe because it doesn't explain "the conditions under which groupthink takes place," as the question states!

Hi, the authors thesis is that groupthink is enables by cohesive groups. The fact that groupthink happens across industries doesn't really do anything to support or disprove the idea that groupthink is enabled by cohesion. However, the idea that groupthink doesn't happen when there is distrust supports the idea that cohesion enables groupthink.

can you break down why d is incorrect

Hi, I'm not sure how factions would really impact the idea that groupthink is enabled by cohesion. However, if anything, I think it would weaken the authors contention. The author thinks groupthink happens when there is too much cohesion, d shows it also happens with too little cohesion.

Hi, I'm not sure how factions would really impact the idea that groupthink is enabled by cohesion. However, if anything, I think it would weaken the authors contention. The author thinks groupthink happens when there is too much cohesion, d shows it also happens with too little cohesion.