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Let's diagram the passage. "No small countries have permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council." # 1 PR: SC - > notPS PS - > notSC "No countries in the southern hemisphere have permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council." # 2 PR: SH - > notPS PS - > notSH "Each of five countries with a permanent seat on the Security Council is in favor of increased international peacekeeping efforts and a greater role for the United Nations in moderating regional disputes." # 3 PR: PS - > FIIP & GRD notFIIP or notGRD - > notPS "Some countries that are in favor of increased international peacekeeping efforts are firmly against increased spending on refugees by the United Nations." # 4 QS: FIIP-some-notISR notISR-some-FIIP Since this is a "must be true" question, then our correct answer must be 100% supported by the passage. Let's head into the answer choices. (A) INCORRECT: Some small countries do not want the United Nations to increase its spending on refugees. QS: SC-some-notISR notISR-some-SC All we know about SC is that they are notPS. NotPS is the necessary condition in PR#3. Therefore, it tells us nothing else. (B) INCORRECT: Some countries in the southern hemisphere are not in favor of increased international peacekeeping efforts. QS: SH-some-notFIIP notFIIP-some-SH This is the same problem as answer choice (A). All we know about SH is notPS. (C) INCORRECT: Some countries that have permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council are against increased spending on refugees by the United Nations. QS: PS-some-notISR notISR-some-PS Answer choice (C) is attempting to combine PR#3 and QS#4. Their shared variable is "FIIP." However, "FIIP" is the necessary condition of PR#3, and therefore it will not lead to any more information. (D) INCORRECT: Some small countries are in favor of a greater role for the United Nations in moderating regional disputes. QS: SC-some-GRD GRD-some-SC All we know about the variable "SC" is notPS. We have the same issue as (A) and (B) (E) CORRECT: Some countries that are in favor of a greater role for the United Nations in moderating regional disputes are not located in the southern hemisphere. QS: GRD-some-notSH notSH-some-GRD Here we have an interesting quantifier rule coming into play. Remember if A - > B, and assuming the existence of at least one A, we can conclude B-some-A. We can take PR#3 PS - > GRD (remember that "&" is a conjunction, which means we can separate PS - > GRD & FIIP to become PS - >GRD and PS - > FIIP) and make it into a quantity statement: GRD-some-PS, because we are told that there is at least one PS (actually we are told that there are 5). Then we combine it with PR#2: GRD-some-PS - >notSH. Therefore, (E) is 100% supported by the passage. Hope that helps. Let me know if you have any more questions!

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Can you summarize how you would do this - summary, not an elaborate explanation- where is the link the main