Why Choice B is incorrect

Hi @McCannon, Thanks for the question! So let’s take a look at what the stimulus is telling us. We’re told that decentralization lets different parts of a large institution function by themselves, which always (an important word!) permits more realistic planning and strongly encourages innovation. It also lets the central administration focus on institution-wide issues without being overwhelmed by the details of daily operations. OK, so now we’re asked for an answer choice that the statements most strongly support. Let’s take a look at (B), which tells us that innovation is not always encouraged in large centralized institutions. But this is basically a mistaken negation. We know that decentralization encourages innovation, but we can’t conclude anything about centralized institutions based on what we know about decentralized institutions. It could definitely be the case that large centralized institutions encourage innovation, and decentralized institutions just encourage it more. In other words decentralized —> encourage innovation does not allow us to conclude ~decentralized —> ~encourage innovation Hope this helps! Feel free to ask any other questions that you might have.