When the conclusion is a conditional statement

I sometimes feel that I do not entirely comprehend the logic behind conditional statements. This leads me to avoid choosing an answer choice with a conditional statement when the passage does not include conditional language. I understood Rotelle to speak of one incident, not a generalization. Mehran agrees with this understanding of mine since he illustrated that "Please notice - Rotelle does NOT say that any specific group of people CAN effectively address these issues. Rotelle is only presenting her view that ONE SPECIFIC PERSON (i.e., Sims) is too old to do so." So if we are only describing one incident, how can we conclude a conditional statement that may include other incidents if the conditions are met. Meaning when I say X is too old to swim, under what logic would this hold the same meaning as stating if you are older than X, then you cannot swim?