Diagraming B

Hi @Connie-Ticho, Thanks for the question! Yes, diagramming “no” statements is tricky at first, but let me try to help explain. In general, when we diagram “No X are Y,” we diagram it as the following X —> ~Y And so in this case, when we’re told that no abstract painting will be included in next week’s art auction, we diagram it Abstract painting —> ~Included in next week’s art auction Now why does this make sense? Well, what does it mean to say that No X are Y? Let’s take an example: no turtles are mammals. Well, how can we phrase this in “if-then” language? It means that if an animal is a turtle, it’s not a mammal. Because no turtles are mammals! And we know how to diagram a statement like “if it’s a turtle, it’s not a mammal.” That’s just Turtle —> ~Mammal And again, that’s how we would diagram “No turtles are mammals.” So when we have “No X are Y,” we can take X, put it in the sufficient, and take Y, negate it, and put it in the necessary. Of course, you could also do the contrapositive Y —> ~X Which you could think of as (going back to the turtle example) “if something’s a mammal, then it’s not a turtle.” So really, you can take either term, put it in the sufficient, take the other, negate it, and put it in the necessary. They’re logically equivalent, so either way is fine; whatever makes most sense in your head. Hope this helps! Feel free to ask any other questions that you might have.

Thank you! This was really helpful

Glad you found it helpful!