Logical reasoning PrepTest 154 · Section 1 · Question 23

Incorrect. First, there's no indication in the stimulus that most people aren't highly successful entrepreneurs, which would need to be established for this answer choice to have a chance of being correct. Second, ignoring that for a second, we can't make any inferences about what other people want to do. We know highly successful entrepreneurs want to leave their mark on the world, but how other people feel about leaving a mark is out of scope.

Incorrect. The people who invariably implement their solutions are the highly successful entrepreneurs—and it's the other people who are established to have the interest in leisure time and job security.

Correct. Argument or Facts:
Facts

Question Type:
Must Be True

Stimulus Summary:
(1) Highly successful entrepreneurs → Main desire to leave mark on world
(2) Highly successful entrepreneurs ←→ See a solution, implement that solution
(3) not Highly successful entrepreneurs → See a solution, focus on leisure or job security

Answer Anticipation:
The stimulus uses language like "All" and "whenever," letting us know that we can use conditional logic to approach this question.

And now let's get to our diagrams! Two important things to discuss here.

First, note that we've diagrammed this sentence as a biconditional. How did we get there? The statement tells us a feature of all highly successful entrepreneurs, letting us say:

HSE → See a solution, implement a solution

And it also tells us that highly successful entrepreneurs are unique in this regard, meaning that if someone sees a solution and always implements it, then they must be a highly successful entrepreneur.

Second, note that last statement—it's actually saying something that overlaps with the biconditional. If only highly successful entrepreneurs always implement solutions they see, then anyone else must not always implement those solutions. While this answer does add in extra information about why they don't do that, the relationship itself is actually just the contrapositive of the second statement.

With that established, we can work to form some inferences. First, since statement #2 is a biconditional, we can chain it together with statement #1:

See a solution, implement it → HSE → Main desire to leave mark on world
not Main desire to leave mark on world → not HSE → not See solution, implement it

Additionally, we can take the contrapositive of either statement #1 or #3 to combine them:

not See a solution, focus on leisure/security → HSE → Main desire to leave mark on world
not Main desire to leave mark on world → not HSE → See solution, focus on leisure/security

Answer Explanation:
This answer reflects the combination of the first two statements, and it matches our anticipation. We know that the people who implement solutions when they detect them are highly successful entrepreneurs, and they all have a main desire to make a mark on the world, so this answer must be true.

Key Takeaway:
This stimulus featured a non-standard phrase establishing a biconditional relationship—"All X have a unique feature." The All establishes X as a sufficient condition for the feature, and the feature being unique establishes the feature as sufficient to prove that something is X. While rare, it's good to know! And it highlights an important point—you should always be thinking about the strength of language on the exam, and statements of absolute strength ("all," "no," "only," "never," and, as we see here, "unique") are conditional in nature.

Incorrect. An interest in leisure time and job security is noted as interfering with implementing solutions, not seeing solutions.

Incorrect. No one is established as having a main desire to implement solutions to problems. Highly successful entrepreneurs have a main desire to leave a mark on the world; the main desire of all others isn't discussed.