Logical reasoning PrepTest 148 · Section 3 · Question 22

Incorrect. Moisture AND Light AND Nutrients → Thrive. The argument then establishes that plants in greenhouses get these sufficient conditions, so there's no illegal reversal.

Incorrect. Every country has equal access → Globalization allows optimization. The argument then establishes this sufficient condition will be met in 20 years, so there's no illegal reversal.

Correct. Argument or Facts:
Argument

Valid or Flawed:
Flawed

Question Type:
Flawed Parallel Reasoning

Stimulus Summary:
Return of organic waste good → Nontoxic AND Not too much energy on transportation
Small-scale organic farming: Nontoxic AND Not too much energy on transportation
Therefore, in small-scale organic farming, returning organic waste to the soil is good.

Answer Anticipation:
In diagramming this stimulus out, we can see that the argument commits an illegal reversal. The correct answer should do the same. Note that, unlike a Parallel Reasoning question, not all elements of the stimulus need to match up, so we don't need a conditional that has two necessary conditions linked with AND.

Answer Explanation:
Viable → Clear AND Cost-effective AND Practical AND Responsive. Your website has these 4 properties, so it'll be viable. This answer commits the same illegal reversal. Note again that, even though there are 4 necessary conditions instead of the 2 from the stimulus, it still commits the same flaw, so that mismatch doesn't rule this answer out. If this were a Parallel Reasoning question, it'd be a different story.

Key Takeaway:
Flawed Parallel Reasoning questions only need the elements that create the flaw to line up. As long as the same flaw is committed, it doesn't matter if there are additional terms or premises, unlike in Parallel Reasoning questions.

Incorrect. This argument sets up a biconditional ("Those . . . and only those"), and it establishes that one of the conditions is met, so there's no illegal reversal. In fact, there can't be an illegal reversal in a biconditional.

Incorrect. Nutritious → Carbs AND Protein. Lunch: 80% calories from fat . . . which doesn't line up with either condition, so this answer features a term shift instead of a reversal. In fact, it tries to apply the contrapositive.