Logical reasoning PrepTest 135 · Section 1 · Question 22

Question prompt

Does the position of Remaining source text redacted.
Why the credited answer is right

Credited answer: E

The notes below walk through why it fits the stem and how to eliminate the rest.

Argument or Facts

Argument

Valid or Flawed

Valid

Question Type

Argument Structure Questions

Stimulus Summary

Question - Does sitting position affect driving safety?
Answer - Probably
Why? - It affects comfort and vision, both of which can affect safety.

Answer Anticipation

When an argument poses a question, the answer to that question will almost always serve as the main point. Additionally, when the author qualifies a statement by saying that it’s “probably” true - thus it’s an inference and not an established fact - it’s also usually a conclusion. So here, the conclusion is likely that second statement - it’s “probably” the case that the car driver’s seat position impacts driving safety.
That’s backed up by the rest of the argument explaining how that could happen. Since the conclusion is causal - one thing affects another - an explanation of how that causality works is strong support. The statement in question brings up the two factors that explain the causality, and then it digs in deeper into each of those factors.
The statement in question is therefore a premise supporting the conclusion.

Answer choices

  1. A
    It is the conclusion Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice A is not credited
    When a passage asks a question and answers it, the answer is almost always the conclusion. Here, that’s backed up by the rest of the stimulus explaining why driving position probably affects safety. Since the statement in question explains some aspects of how position affects safety, it’s a premise, not a conclusion.
  2. B
    It is a claim Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice B is not credited
    There’s no opposing point or false claim noted, so this answer doesn’t describe any element in the argument.
  3. C
    It is used to Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice C is not credited
    There’s no observed phenomenon. The argument says that position “probably” affects driving safety - it doesn’t note that studies show drivers in a certain position are more likely to get into an accident than others, which would be an observed phenomenon.
  4. D
    It describes evidence that Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice D is not credited
    There’s no refutation or opposing point in the argument.
  5. E
    It is a premise Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice E matches the stem
    The conclusion is the answer to the question posed in the argument - sitting position probably impacts driving safety. The statement in question supports that by explaining how that position might impact safety.

What this tests

Question analytics

Based on historical answer selection rates for this question.

Answer choice distribution

  1. A 13%
  2. B 2%
  3. C 12%
  4. D 2%
  5. E Credited 72%

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