Logical reasoning PrepTest 112 · Section 1 · Question 11

Question prompt

Any sale item that Remaining source text redacted.
Why the credited answer is right

Credited answer: D

The notes below walk through why it fits the stem and how to eliminate the rest.

Argument or Facts

Facts

Valid or Flawed

NA

Question Type

Must Be True Questions / Sufficient & Necessary Questions

Stimulus Summary

Sale item → Returned for store credit Sale item → ~Returned for refund Home appliance → Sale item Gardening equipment → Sale item Construction tools --some-- Sale item

Answer Anticipation

This stimulus presents four conditionals and one quantified statement. The quantified statement is a some statement because “selected” doesn’t guarantee it’s over 50%, so we can’t get to a most statement.
There are a lot of potential inferences here, so we should probably “back solve” - head to the answers, and then work with our diagrammed statements to see if we can infer it. We can end up with a conditional inference (if we combine 3 or 4 with 1 or 2) or a some inference (if we combine 5 with 1 or 2), so we should prioritize those answers (in other words, defer on most answers).

Answer choices

  1. A
    Any item that is Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice A is not credited
    The stimulus doesn’t discuss items outside of those categories (and selected construction tools), and it doesn’t state that these categories are the only ones on sale, so this answer is out of scope.
  2. B
    Any item that is Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice B is not credited
    This answer is the illegal negation of the opening conditional, so it’s unsupported.
  3. C
    Some construction tools are Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice C is not credited
    We know some construction tools are on sale, which means that they can be returned for a store credit, but that doesn’t mean that some other can’t be returned. This is a common flaw that people fall for - but it can’t be inferred, for the same reason that it’s true to say some people are born on Earth, but it’s not valid to infer from that that some people aren’t.
  4. D
    No piece of gardening Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice D matches the stem
    Combining statements 4 and 2 from our Summary yields this inference. Since all gardening equipment is on sale, and sale items can’t be returned for a refund, this is the correct answer.
  5. E
    None of the things Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice E is not credited
    If an item can’t be returned for a refund, then it’s not on sale. We know that it’s possible some construction tools aren’t on sale, and thus they may be returnable for a refund. As such, this answer is unsupported.

What this tests

Question analytics

Based on historical answer selection rates for this question.

Answer choice distribution

  1. A 4%
  2. B 2%
  3. C 12%
  4. D Credited 79%
  5. E 3%

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