Logical reasoning PrepTest 111 · Section 3 · Question 18

Question prompt

If there are any Remaining source text redacted.
Why the credited answer is right

Credited answer: A

The notes below walk through why it fits the stem and how to eliminate the rest.

Argument or Facts

Argument

Valid or Flawed

Flawed

Question Type

Must Be True Questions / Sufficient & Necessary Questions

Stimulus Summary

Inspired performance → Good show ~Sophisticated listener → ~Good show Sophisticated listener → Understand roots

Answer Anticipation

A Must be True question that relies on conditional logic? Yes, please! These questions can be difficult, but they’re much easier if you spend the time to learn how to work with conditional logic.
Let’s start by working through the statements. The first uses If to introduce a sufficient condition - relatively straightforward. The second is trickier - it uses “unless” as a conditional indicator word. Here, we treated that as “if not,” resulting in our diagram. If you used another method, you likely ended up with the contrapositive of our statement (Good show → Sophisticated listener), which is fine - it actually makes this question easier! Finally, the third statement uses “must” to introduce a necessary condition.
With that noted, we can see that a chain is emerging, but the second statement has negated terms whereas the others don’t. Let’s take the contrapositive of that:
Good show → Sophisticated listener
And then chain everything together, then take the contrapositive:
Inspired performance → Good show → Sophisticated listener → Understand roots
~Understand roots → ~Sophisticated listener → ~Good show → ~Inspired performance
We now have all potential answers, so let’s head to the answer choices.

Answer choices

  1. A
    If there are no Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice A matches the stem
    ~Sophisticated listener → ~Inspired performance. That matches up with our contrapositive, so this is the correct answer.
  2. B
    No people who understand Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice B is not credited
    ~Good show → ~Understand roots. This answer is a negation of our chain, or a reversal of the contrapositive, so it’s unsupported.
  3. C
    If there will be Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice C is not credited
    Understand roots → Inspired performance. This answer is a reversal of our chain, or a negation of the contrapositive.
  4. D
    The audience will be Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice D is not credited
    Understand roots → Good show. First, we ended up with this diagram by treating “unless” as “if not,” and since the condition it introduces is a negative, the double negative cancels out. With that done, we can see that this answer is a reversal of our chain, or a negation of the contrapositive.
  5. E
    If there are sophisticated Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice E is not credited
    Sophisticated listener → Inspired performance. This is a reversal of the chain, or a negation of the contrapositive.

What this tests

Question analytics

Based on historical answer selection rates for this question.

Answer choice distribution

  1. A Credited 65%
  2. B 8%
  3. C 7%
  4. D 12%
  5. E 8%

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