Logical reasoning PrepTest 106 · Section 3 · Question 1

Question prompt

Flavonoids are a common Remaining source text redacted.
Why the credited answer is right

Credited answer: D

The notes below walk through why it fits the stem and how to eliminate the rest.

Argument or Facts

Facts

Valid or Flawed

NA

Question Type

Must Be True Questions

Stimulus Summary

Plants --most--> Flavonoids
Flavonoid in apple = Antioxidant
Antioxidants prevent heart disease

Answer Anticipation

The first clause is a broad one about plants and flavonoids, but it doesn’t really add to any of the other clauses. On the other hand, the second and third clauses build together to lead to an inference.
Apples have a specific type of flavonoid that is an antioxidant, and antioxidants are a factor in preventing heart disease. As such, apples (and the flavonoid they contain) can be a factor in preventing heart disease, so let’s find that as an answer.
Note that it says the specific flavonoid in apples is an antioxidant. That doesn’t guarantee any other flavonoid is an antioxidant, or that this specific flavonoid is present in any other plant!

Answer choices

  1. A
    A diet composed largely Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice A is not credited
    We know that apples contain a flavonoid that helps prevent heart disease, so a diet composed largely of that will help. However, a diet composed largely of fruits and vegetables might not contain apples, and other flavonoids might not help fight heart disease, so this answer is unsupported.
  2. B
    Flavonoids are essential to Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice B is not credited
    Antioxidants are a factor in preventing heart disease, and one flavonoid is an antioxidant. That’s a far cry from supporting this answer - that all flavonoids are essential to preventing heart disease.
  3. C
    Eating at least one Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice C is not credited
    Eating an apple each day will get you an antioxidant flavonoid, which is a factor in preventing heart disease. That doesn’t mean that eating an apple a day guarantees you won’t get heart disease - it probably wouldn’t help much if you ate an apple and then 15 hamburgers every day!
  4. D
    At least one type Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice D matches the stem
    The flavonoid in apples is an antioxidant, and antioxidants are a factor in preventing heart disease. Thus, at least this one flavonoid helps to prevent heart disease, so this is the correct answer.
  5. E
    A diet deficient in Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice E is not credited
    Antioxidants are a factor in preventing heart disease. That doesn’t mean that a lack of it causes heart disease. Tequila is a factor in someone becoming inebriated - that doesn’t mean a lack of tequila causes that person to be sober.

What this tests

Question analytics

Based on historical answer selection rates for this question.

Answer choice distribution

  1. A 5%
  2. B 2%
  3. C 2%
  4. D Credited 90%
  5. E 1%

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