Reading comp PrepTest 102 · Section 1 · Question 2

Passage

Questions 1-7    Most office workers assume that the messages they send to each other via electronic mail are as Remaining source text redacted.
Passage walkthrough
Passage Summary

Topic: Legal


Paragraph 1

  • Paragraph note
    • Problem (legal rules governing email privacy of email are unsettled)
  • Views, minor Meta-Structures, and the author's attitude
    • Most office workers' view:
      • Emails they send to each other are as private as a phone call or meeting is wrong (first and second sentences)
    • Comparison, according to the author:
      • While it is illegal for an employer to monitor phone calls (even on a company-owned phone) or meetings, there are no clear rules for email (third sentence)
    • Author's view:
      • Privacy of email is a very complicated legal issue (last sentence)
    • Author's attitude: "assumption is wrong" (second sentence); "no clear rules" (third sentence); "one of the more complicated legal issues" (last sentence)

Paragraph 2

  • Paragraph note
    • Debate on email privacy (opinions vary based on circumstances) and government employee example (deleting emails)
  • Views, minor Meta-Structures, and the author's attitude
    • View of many people on email privacy:
      • The degree of privacy should depend on who owns the email system and who is reading the emails (first sentence)
    • Example of opinions on both sides of the email privacy debate: government office
      • Some say government employees should be able to delete emails that are records of government business because paper copies will be kept (second and third sentences)
      • Others say they shouldn't be able to delete emails because paper versions don't preserve address information, and the public should have the right to review all records created by government business (fourth and fifth sentences)

Paragraph 3

  • Paragraph note
    • Another example of debate on email privacy (automotive employees fired for insulting manager over email)
  • Views, minor Meta-Structures, and the author's attitude
    • Example of opinions on both sides of the email privacy debate: two employees of an automotive company fired for insulting manager over email and then filing a grievance when threatened
      • Employees claimed that their privacy had been violated (fourth sentence)
      • The court dismissed their unlawful termination case dismissed because the company owned the computer system and could read anything created on it (second through fifth sentences)

Paragraph 4

  • Paragraph note
    • Author's imperfect solution (no privacy expectation unless employees encrypt, which is inconvenient)
  • Views, minor Meta-Structures, and the author's attitude
    • Comparison, according to the author:
      • While some laws prohibit outside interception of email by a third party without a search warrant, these laws don't cover interoffice or inter-company interception of email (first and second sentences)
    • Author's view:
      • In some places, Courts have ruled that interoffice communications are private only if employees have a "reasonable expectation" of privacy when they send the messages, but no computer system has any guarantee of privacy (third and fourth sentences)
      • One solution is to encrypt emails, but this would defeat email's primary advantage over other forms of communication, namely, convenience (last sentence)
    • Author's attitude: "the fact is no absolute guarantee of privacy exists" (fourth sentence); "The only solution may be" (fifth sentence); "unfortunately" (fifth sentence); "likely to undermine the principal virtue of electronic mail" (fifth sentence

Main Point: Uncertainty surrounds the laws governing email privacy in the workplace, leaving employees with an inconvenient solution.

Key Lines?

Paragraph 1, Sentence 4 (P1, S4) - Uncertainty of legal issues surrounding email privacy

P2, S2 - Example of government office

P3, S3 - Example of private company

P4, S4 - No guarantee of privacy in any computer system

P4, S5 - Possible solution and problem with it

Meta-Structure?

Problem/Solution: This passage is rather hard to classify because it doesn't fit neatly into any of the Meta-Structure categories. However, it seems closest to a Problem/Solution passage* because the author begins by describing the unsettled nature of privacy laws governing email in the workplace. The author then gives some examples to illustrate the debates over email privacy and the court cases that have further clouded the issue before advancing a possible solution to the problem — encryption. The author then partially rejects this solution because it would negate email's main advantage as a means of interoffice communication: convenience.

In a Problem/Solution passage, the main point is generally the solution the author endorses/proffers. If the author does not endorse or proffer a solution, then the author’s opinion on the solutions. In this passage, the author partially rejects the only solution they proffer: encryption, since it would undermine email's principal virtue of convenience. For that reason, we summarized the main point as, "Uncertainty surrounds the laws governing email privacy in the workplace, leaving employees with an inconvenient solution."

*It is possible to classify this passage as a Describing a Debate passage. However, that's not a perfect fit either, since the author only explicitly frames the question of email privacy as a debate in the third paragraph. We could stretch a bit and call this an Innovative Subject passage because the author introduces email as a very new and disruptive force in workplace privacy laws. However, that classification would go against the author's typically laudatory attitude toward their subjects in that passage. Here, the author doesn't admire email as a disruptive and innovative force in the workplace; they view it more as a problem.

Example: The primary minor Meta-Structure in this passage is the example. The author gives two extended examples to illustrate the challenges posed by workplace email privacy debates. These examples are a hypothetical government office and an actual automotive company. Expect one or both to figure into a question or two.

Last Thoughts?

It’s OK if you don’t think this passage is a conventional “Problem/Solution passage. In fact, recognizing that this passage doesn’t fit neatly into that framework will only help us with the questions. We can eliminate any question that suggests the author feels confident in a solution to the legal issues surrounding email privacy in the workplace.

Question prompt

According to the passage, Remaining source text redacted.
Why the credited answer is right

Credited answer: B

The notes below walk through why it fits the stem and how to eliminate the rest.

Question Type

Legal

Strategy Overview

Refer to notes or what you highlighted/underlined to locate where the passage discusses the reason people use to oppose the deletion of email at government offices, and refer to the relevant part of the passage as needed to find that answer choice that must be true.

Answer Anticipation

For questions that ask us to find a specific detail mentioned in the passage, quickly finding and reviewing that piece of information is paramount. That is why we make brief notes describing the role of each paragraph and highlight or underline definitions and the minor Meta-Structures — doing so helps us find the salient information efficiently and reliably. Once we review that part of the passage, we can look through the answer choices to see which one is best supported by what we reviewed.Here, the question asks us why some people oppose the deletion of emails in government offices. Our note for the second paragraph is, "Debate on email privacy (opinions vary based on circumstances) and government employee example (deleting emails)." That should point us to that paragraph. If we highlighted this example (as we should, as it's one of our minor Meta-Structures), locating this in the lengthy second paragraph shouldn't take much time.In the second half of the second paragraph, the author says that opponents of deleting email records at government offices claim that paper versions of emails don't contain as much information as the emails and that the public should have the right to review all records created during the conduct of government business, including emails (P2, S4-5). Let's look for these ideas in the answer choices.

Answer choices

  1. A
    Such deletion reveals the Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice A is not credited

    (A) Does this answer choice say that paper versions of emails don't contain as much information as emails or that the public should have the right to review all records created while conducting government business?

    Nope. We can eliminate this without a second thought. Besides, in our review of the second paragraph, we didn't re-read the author saying or suggesting the government has an unhealthy obsession with secrecy.

  2. B
    Such deletion runs counter Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice B matches the stem

    (B) Does this answer choice say that paper versions of emails don't contain as much information as emails or that the public should have the right to review all records created while conducting government business?

    Yes. This answer choice matches our anticipation of the second reason the opponents of deleting government emails give: because government employees are civil servants and therefore answerable to the public, the public has a right to review any and all government records, including emails (P2, S5). We can select (B) and advance to the next question without reviewing the remaining answer choices.

  3. C
    Such deletion clearly violates Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice C is not credited

    (C) Does this answer choice say that paper versions of emails don't contain as much information as emails or that the public should have the right to review all records created while conducting government business?

    No. We can eliminate this once we see it doesn't match either anticipation. Besides, in our review of the second paragraph, we didn't notice that the author specifies that government offices have to keep duplicate copies of all their transactions. The author notes that proponents of the deletion of government emails argue that government offices maintain emails on paper and that the destruction of these paper records is forbidden (P3, S3) but the author doesn't elaborate on this point. We aren't sure whether government offices have to keep duplicate, triplicate, or quadruplicate copies of records. Moreover, the opponents of deletion never make this part of their argument.

  4. D
    Such deletion violates the Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice D is not credited

    (D) Does this answer choice say that paper versions of emails don't contain as much information as emails or that the public should have the right to review all records created while conducting government business?

    Nope. We can eliminate this once we see it doesn't conform to either anticipation. Besides, in our review of the second paragraph, we didn't see guidelines that prohibits the destruction of the government's electronic records. And we certainly didn't see the author attributing this claim to those who oppose such destruction.

  5. E
    Such deletion harms relations Remaining source text redacted.
    Why choice E is not credited

    (E) Does this answer choice say that paper versions of emails don't contain as much information as emails or that the public should have the right to review all records created while conducting government business?

    Nope. We can eliminate this as soon as we notice that it doesn't match either of our anticipated points. Besides, in our review of the second paragraph, we didn't see the author discuss the effect deletion has on government employees. The author definitely doesn't attribute this view to the opponents of destroying government emails.

What this tests

Question analytics

Based on historical answer selection rates for this question.

Answer choice distribution

  1. A 4%
  2. B Credited 82%
  3. C 6%
  4. D 8%
  5. E 1%

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